Elevated Blood Pressure in School Children and Adolescents – Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors

Elevated blood pressure (BP) in children and adolescents is determined on normative distribution of BP in healthy children. The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of high normal and elevated BP among school children and to assess associated risk factors. The study comprised 965 children (48.7% girls) in 8th grade of primary school. Data were obtained from questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. The prevalence of high normal BP was 28.5% in girls, 36.8% in boys, and elevated BP 7.9% in girls and 5.3% in boys. Overweight was present in 19.4% of girls and 9.3% boys with high normal, and 29.7% of girls and 30.8% boys with elevated BP. Hypertension in family history was the most common associated factor reported by boys and girls with high normal and elevated BP. Follow-up of children throughout school age makes possible taking of preventative measures and promotion of healthy life style

Elevated Blood Pressure in School Children and Adolescents – Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors

Elevated blood pressure (BP) in children and adolescents is determined on normative distribution of BP in healthy children. The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of high normal and elevated BP among school children and to assess associated risk factors. The study comprised 965 children (48.7% girls) in 8th grade of primary school. Data were obtained from questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. The prevalence of high normal BP was 28.5% in girls, 36.8% in boys, and elevated BP 7.9% in girls and 5.3% in boys. Overweight was present in 19.4% of girls and 9.3% boys with high normal, and 29.7% of girls and 30.8% boys with elevated BP. Hypertension in family history was the most common associated factor reported by boys and girls with high normal and elevated BP. Follow-up of children throughout school age makes possible taking of preventative measures and promotion of healthy life style

TRENDS IN THE RATES OF CONSUMPTION OF DRUGS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM AND ANTINEOPLASTIC AND IMMUNOMODULATING AGENTS FROM 2004 – 2017 IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA

Uvod: Vodeći uzroci smrti u Republici Hrvatskoj su zloćudne bolesti te bolesti kardiovaskularnog sustava. Cilj ovog rada bio je analizirati kretanje potrošnje lijekova iz skupine koji djeluju na kardiovaskularni sustav (skupina C) te skupinu lijekova za liječenje zloćudnih bolesti i imunomodulatori (skupina L) u posljednjih 14 godina. Metode: Analiza kretanja potrošnje lijekova prema anatomsko-kemijsko-terapijskoj (ATK) klasifikaciji za lijekove koji djeluju na kardiovaskularni sustav i lijekove za liječenje zloćudnih bolesti i imunomodulatore izraženo financijski te DDD/1000/dan u razdoblju od 2004. do 2017. godine u Republici Hrvatskoj. Korišteni su podatci iz izvješća o potrošnji lijekova u Republici Hrvatskoj dostupni na stranici Hrvatske agencije za lijekove i medicinske proizvode (HALMED). Rezultati: Prema dostupnim podatcima o ukupnoj potrošnji lijekova u Republici Hrvatskoj od 2004. do 2017. godine, zamjećuje se porast ukupne potrošnje lijekova prema financijskim pokazateljima s 3.824.758.092,00 HRK 2004. godine na 6.131.627.475,00 HRK 2017. godine te porast s 658,14 DDD/1000/dan 2004. godine na 1.061,11 DDD/1000/dan 2017. godine. Analizirajući ukupnu potrošnju lijekova prema financijskim pokazateljima za svaku od pojedinih ATK kategorija evidentan je porast troškova svih skupina lijekova izuzev troškova za lijekove koji djeluju na kardiovaskularni sustav (skupina C) čiji su troškovi u 2004. godini iznosili 856.458.507,00 HRK, a u 2017. godini 785.013.401,00 HRK. Istovremeno je za istu skupinu lijekova u navedenom razdoblju porasla potrošnja prema DDD/1000/dan s 251.95 DDD/1000/dan 2004. godine na 386.38 DDD/1000/dan 2017. godine. Relativni udio troškova za lijekove iz skupine C pao je s ¼ ukupne potrošnje svih lijekova (2004. godine 22%, 2005. godine 26%, 2006. godine 26%) na 13% 2017. godine. Najveći porast ukupne potrošnje lijekova prema financijskim pokazateljima pokazuje skupina za liječenje zloćudnih bolesti i imunomodulatori (skupina L) čiji su troškovi u 2004. godini iznosili 185.263.054,00 HRK, a u 2017. godini 1.321.313.353,00 HRK. Porast ukupne potrošnje lijekova iz skupine L prati i porast potrošnje lijekova prema DDD/1000/dan s 2.30 DDD/1000/dan 2004. godine na 8.38 DDD/1000/dan 2017. godine. Relativni udio troškova za lijekove iz skupine L porastao je s 5% ukupne potrošnje svih lijekova 2004. godine na čak 22% u 2017. godini, što čini najveći porast relativnih troškova svih lijekova. Od prvih deset lijekova prema bolničkoj financijskoj potrošnji u 2017. godini čak osam lijekova čine lijekovi iz skupine L koji, također, zauzimaju prva četiri mjesta (trastuzumab, rituksimab, adalimumab i bevacizumab). Zaključak: Analiza dostupnih podataka o potrošnji lijekova tijekom posljednjih 14 godina u Republici Hrvatskoj za lijekove iz skupine C prema ATK klasifikaciji pokazala je kako je došlo do smanjenja troškova za navedenu skupinu lijekova unatoč povećanju definiranih dnevnih doza na 1000 stanovnika za 134.43 DDD/1000/dan čemu uzrok može biti pad cijena lijekova navedene skupine. U istom razdoblju došlo je do značajnog povećanja troškova za lijekove iz skupine L kao i ukupno povećanje definiranih dnevnih doza za navedenu skupinu.Introduction: In the Republic of Croatia, cardiovascular diseases and malignant neoplasms are the two leading causes of death. The main purpose of this study was to analyse trends in the rates of consumption of drugs for cardiovascular system (group C) and antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents (group L) over the past 14 years. Methods: Analysis of drug consumption based on anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC) classification system for the group of drugs for cardiovascular system and the group of antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents in Croatia for the period 2004 -2017 was presented in Croatian kuna (HRK) and in defined daily doses/1000 inhabitants/day. For this study, we used data from the reports on drug consumption published at the website of The agency for medicinal products and medical devices of Croatia (HALMED). Results: According to the available data on drug consumption in Croatia from 2004 – 2017, there was increase in total drug consumption from 3.824.758.092,00 HRK in 2004 up to 6.131.627.475,00 HRK in 2017 and increase of drug usage from 658,14 DDD/1000/day in 2004 up to 1.061,11 DDD/1000/day in 2017. Analyzing the total drug consumption by financial indicators for each of the individual ATC group, there is an evident increase in the costs of all drug groups, except in the costs of drugs for cardiovascular system (group C), whose costs were 856.458.507,00 HRK in 2004, and 785.013.401,00 HRK in 2017. At the same time, the consumption for the same group of drugs by DDD/1000/day increased from 251.95 DDD/1000/day in 2004 up to 386.38 DDD/1000/day in 2017. The relative share of costs for Group C fell from ¼ of total drug costs (22% in 2004, 26% in 2005, 26% in 2006) to 13% in 2017. The greatest increase in total drug consumption according to financial indicators occurred in the group of antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents (group L), whose costs were 185.263.054,00 HRK in 2004 and 1.321.313.353,00 HRK in 2017. The increase in total drug costs for the Group L is followed by an increase in drug consumption presented in DDD/1000/day from 2.30 DDD/1000/day in 2004 to 8.38 DDD/1000/day in 2017. The relative share of costs for Group L has increased from 5% of total drug costs in 2004 to as much as 22% in 2017, what makes the greatest increase in relative costs of all drug groups. Among the top ten drugs with highest total financial consumption in hospitals in 2017, even eight drugs belong to group L of drugs, furthermore, they also take the first four places (trastuzumab, rituximab, adalimumab, and bevacizumab). Conclusion: Analysis of the available data on drug consumption based on anatomical therapeutic chemical classification system in the Republic of Croatia over the past 14 years, revealed the reduction in the costs of the group C, despite an increase in defined daily doses per 1000 inhabitans for 134.43 DDD/1000/day, what may be caused by drops in prices of the group C. At the same time, there was a significant increase in the costs of the group L drugs, as well as in defined daily doses for the same group

Behavioral Pattern of Overweight and Obese School Children

The aim of this study was to determine socio economic, health status, nutritional and behavioral differences in obese, overweight and normal weight children attending first grade elementary school. In overweight group there is 13.8% of boys and 12.6% of girls, in obese group 8.3% of boys and 6.9% of girls. In factor analysis 12 factors was excluded with cumulative loading of 60% variability. Discriminant analysis was performed with 12 factors as predictive variables and discriminant variables were three BMI groups: normal weight, overweight and obese. Function 1 discriminate well normal weight group from overweight and obese group. Overweight and obese groups is described with lower number of children in the family and lower order of birth, higher education of parents, they eat less vegetables and fruits, spend more time playing computer games, have less physical activity, drink more alcohol with their meals, exactly opposite to normal weight group

FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF OUTPATIENT DRUG EXPENDITURE IN LAST NINE YEARS IN POŽEŠKO-SLAVONSKA COUNTY

Uvod: Financiranje lijekova u izvanbolničkim uvjetima zauzima važno mjesto u ukupnom financiranju zdravstvene zaštite stanovništva. Uz stalnu tendenciju porasta troškova lijekova u svijetu, pa tako i u Republici Hrvatskoj, oni postaju veliki teret za proračune država i zdravstvenih osiguranja. Mnogi su razlozi povećanja potrošnje lijekova, poput starenja stanovništva, porasta broja kroničnih bolesnika, uvođenja novih lijekova, širenja indikacija postojećih lijekova. Metode: Analizirala kretanja troškova izvanbolničkih lijekova u Požeško-slavonskoj županiji tijekom posljednjih devet godina pomoću podataka iz izvješća o potrošnji lijekova u Republici Hrvatskoj dostupnih na stranici Hrvatske agencije za lijekove i medicinske proizvode (HALMED). Rezultati: Prema dostupnim podatcima o izvanbolničkoj potrošnji lijekova za Požeško-slavonsku županiju od 2009. do 2017. godine lijekovi koji su prema anatomsko-terapijsko-kemijskoj klasifikaciji (ATK) svrstani u lijekove koji djeluju na kardiovaskularni sustav, lijekovi koji djeluju na živčani sustav te lijekovi s učinkom na probavni sustav i mijenu tvari čine preko 60% ukupnih izvanbolničkih troškova za lijekove u navedenom razdoblju za svaku godinu. Relativni udio troškova za izvanbolničke lijekove s učinkom na probavni sustav i mijenu tvari pokazuje tendenciju porasta (s 14% 2009. godine na 19% 2017. godine) kao i relativni udio troškova za lijekove koji djeluju na krv i krvotvorne organe (s 2% 2009. godine na 4% 2017. godine), dok relativni udio troškova za lijekove koji djeluju na kardiovaskularni sustav (s 29% 2009. godine na 24% 2017. godine) te lijekove za liječenje sustavnih infekcija pokazuju tendenciju pada (sa 7% 2010. godine na 4% 2017. godine). Usporedbom podataka uočava se nagli pad apsolutnog iznosa troškova izvanbolničke potrošnje lijekova u Požeško-slavonskoj županiji na prijelazu 2014. u 2015. godinu. Ukupni iznos troškova izvanbolničke potrošnje lijekova u 2014. godini iznosio je 92.211.673,00 HRK, dok je u 2015. godini on iznosio 42.104.041,00 HRK. U razdoblju od 2009. do 2014. godine medijan troškova izvanbolničke potrošnje lijekova iznosio je 104.331.362,00 HRK, dok je medijan potrošnje za razdoblje od 2015. do 2017. godine iznosio 42.674.757,00 HRK. Usporedbom kretanja izvanbolničke potrošnje lijekova za isto razdoblje u Dubrovačko-neretvanskoj županiji, Istarskoj županiji, Međimurskoj županiji te u Gradu Zagrebu utvrdili smo u sve četiri navedene županije porast izvanbolničke potrošnje lijekova u 2015. godini u odnosu na 2014. godinu. Zaključak: Analiza podataka pokazala je kako je u Požeško-slavonskoj županiji došlo do naglog pada troškova izvanbolničke potrošnje lijekova u 2015. godini u odnosu na 2014. godinu. Udio troškova za pojedinu skupinu lijekova prema ATK klasifikaciji nije se značajno promijenio. Kretanje troškova u četiri druge županije u Republici Hrvatskoj bilježi lagani porast troškova. Potrebna su daljnja istraživanja kako bi se utvrdio uzrok navedenog pada troškova izvanbolničke potrošnje lijekova u Požeško-slavonskoj županiji.Introduction: Outpatient drug expenditure takes an important place in overall financing of healthcare for whole population. There is present constant increase in the cost of drugs in the world, as well as in Republic of Croatia, so the financing becomes a major burden on state budgets and health insurances. There are many reasons in increased drug consumption during last years, such as aging of population, increased number of chronic patients, the introduction of new drugs, and widening of indications of existing drugs. Methods: We analyzed the trend of drug costs of outpatients in Požega-Slavonia County during last nine years. The data used for this analysis was published at the web site of The Agency for medical products and medical devices of Republic of Croatia (HALMED). Results: According to the available data on outpatient drug consumption for Požega-Slavonia County in period from 2009 – 2017, drugs which are classified by anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC) classification into group of drugs for cardiovascular system, nervous system and alimentary tract and metabolism took more than 60% of the total costs for outpatient drugs, respectively. The relative share of costs for drugs classified into group for alimentary tract and metabolism showed an increasing tendency (from 14% in 2009 to 19% in 2017) as well as the relative share of costs for drugs for blood and blood forming organs (from 2% in 2009 to 4% in 2017). On the same time, the relative share for group of drugs for cardiovascular system (from 29% in 2009 to 24% in 2017) and drugs for systemic infections (form 7% in 2009 to 4% in 2017) showed a tendency of decreasing. Comparison of the data showed a sudden drop in the absolute amount of costs of outpatient drug consumption in Požega-Slavonia County at the transition from 2014 to 2015. The total cost of outpatient drug spending in 2014 was 92.211.673,00 HRK, while in 2015 was 42.104.041,00 HRK. In the period from 2009 to 2014 the median of cost of outpatient drugs was 104.331.362,00 HRK, while median of outpatient drug cost from 2015 to 2017 was 42.674.757,00 HRK. Comparison of outpatient drug consumption trends for the same period in the Dubrovnik-Neretva County, Istra County, Međimurje County and in the City of Zagreb do not show the drop in the total cost of outpatient drugs, they show the increase of costs. Conclusion: Data analysis showed that in Požega-Slavonia County there was a sharp drop in the costs of outpatient drug consumption in 2015 compared to 2014. The relative share of costs for a particular group of drugs according to ATC classification has not changed scientifically during last nine years. Compared to Požega-Slavonia County other four counties in Republic of Croatia recorded a slight increase in costs for outpatients during last nine years. Further research is needed to determine the possible cause of such a result in the Požega-Slavonia County

Behavioral Pattern of Overweight and Obese School Children

The aim of this study was to determine socio economic, health status, nutritional and behavioral differences in obese, overweight and normal weight children attending first grade elementary school. In overweight group there is 13.8% of boys and 12.6% of girls, in obese group 8.3% of boys and 6.9% of girls. In factor analysis 12 factors was excluded with cumulative loading of 60% variability. Discriminant analysis was performed with 12 factors as predictive variables and discriminant variables were three BMI groups: normal weight, overweight and obese. Function 1 discriminate well normal weight group from overweight and obese group. Overweight and obese groups is described with lower number of children in the family and lower order of birth, higher education of parents, they eat less vegetables and fruits, spend more time playing computer games, have less physical activity, drink more alcohol with their meals, exactly opposite to normal weight group

LIFELONG VACCINATION FOR A HEALTHIER POPULATION AND A HEALTHIER HEALTH CARE SYSTEM

Uvod: Cijepljenje je najučinkovitija preventivna mjera koja pored sprječavanja i/ili smanjenja obo-lijevanja od zaraznih bolesti kao dodanu vrijednost zdravstvenom sustavu donosi smanjenje troškova liječenja i boravka u bolnici. Cjeloživotno cijepljenje predstavlja cijepljenje u različitim uzrastima ti-jekom života i uključuje cijepljenje i docjepljivanje protiv bolesti kojima možemo biti izloženi u okruženju u kojem živimo i radimo ili kojima možemo biti izloženi na putovanjima u strane zemlje. Ka-da se govori o cijepljenju, uobičajeni fokus jest cijepljenje djece, dok se o važnosti cijepljenja u odraslih i starijih osoba, osobito onih s postojećim kroničnim stanjima još uvijek dovoljno ne govori. Cilj rada bio je prikazati dodanu vrijednost cjeloživotnog cijepljenja u obliku smanjenja troškova u zdravstvu uslijed liječenja i boravka u bolnici i smanjenja propisivanja antibiotika. Metode: Pregled i analiza publikacija i izvješća o cijepljenju Hrvatskog zavoda za javno zdravstvo i dostupne literature u bibliografskoj bazi PubMed. Pregled literature učinjen je prema ključnim riječima „vaccination“ i „costs“, a u analizu su uključeni radovi na engleskom jeziku publicirani u periodu od 2010. do 2019. godine. Za potrebe ovog rada analizirano je ukupno 10 publikacija. Rezultati i diskusija: Podaci iz literature pokazuju kako se cjeloživotno cijepljenje najčešće razmatra u kontekstu cijepljenja mladeži i odraslih protiv humanog papiloma virusa (HPV), kroničnih bolesnika (kao što su kardiovaskularne bolesti, kronična opstruktivna bolest pluća (KOPB), dijabetes) protiv gripe te cijepljenjem odraslih i starijih osoba protiv pneumokoka. Cijepljenje predškolske i školske djece pov-ezuje se najčešće s cijepljenjima u sklopu nacionalnih programa cijepljenja i postojećim preporukama. U Hrvatskoj se cijepljenjem predškolske i školske djece postižu zadovoljavajući cjepni obuhvati za obavezna cijepljenja. Kada se radi o cijepljenju odraslih osoba, osobito kroničnih bolesnika, dostupni su samo podatci o cjepnim obuhvatima protiv gripe i tetanusa. Cijepljenje protiv tetanusa se provodi u sklopu programa obaveznog cijepljenja i izvješće o cijepljenju za 2017. godini pokazuje cjepni obuhvat manji od 50%. Protiv gripe se prošle sezone u Hrvatskoj cijepilo manje od 10% populacije, među kojim je oko 30% starijih osoba što je značajno manje od preporuka Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije. Prema dostupnim objavljenim podacima o cijepljenju kroničnih bolesnika protiv gripe nije moguće odrediti o kojim kroničnim stanjima se radi. Podaci za zemlje koje imaju obuhvat za cijepljenje protiv gripe viši od 20%, kao što je Nizozemska i Ujedinjena Kraljevina pokazuju smanjenje hospitalizacija za više od 20%, dok se na primjeru Kanade cijepljenje protiv gripe može dovesti u vezu sa smanjenjem propisivanja antibiotika za gotovo od 50%. Istraživanje provedeno u najvećim europskim zemljama pokazalo je da se trošak cijepljenja pojedinca tijekom života kreće od 443€ za zdravu mušku osobu u Švedskoj (10 antigena) do 3 395€ za žensku osobu koja boluje od kronične bolesti u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu (15 antigena) što je i dalje ekonomski povoljnije od liječenja i zbrinjavanja mogućih posljedica bolesti. Zaključak: Unatoč postojećim dokazima o dobrobiti cijepljenja tijekom cijelog života i preporukama za cijepljenje odraslih i starijih osoba protiv gripe i pneumokoka, praksa cjeloživotnog cijepljenja u Hrvat-skoj još uvijek ne pokazuje rezultate vidljive na populacijskoj razini, a koji bi mogli ostvariti mjerljiv učinak na uštede u zdravstvenom sustavu. Kako bi se sagledao pravi potencijal cjeloživotnog cijepljenja kao strategije ne samo za prevenciju bolesti i komorbiditeta nego i u svrhu smanjenja troškova u zdravstvu ova tema mora zaživjeti izvan stručnih krugova, a na populacijskoj razini trebalo bi postići da pojedinci i zajednice razumiju vrijednost cjepiva i potražuju cijepljenje kao njihovo pravo i odgo-vornost.Introduction: Vaccination is the most effective preventative measure that, in addition to preventing and / or reducing infectious diseases, adds value to the health care system by reducing the costs of treatment and hospitalization. Lifelong vaccination is a vaccination at different ages through life and includes vaccination and revaccination against diseases that we may be exposed in the environment in which we live and work or when traveling abroad. When it comes to vaccination, the usual focus is on vaccination of children, while the importance of vaccination during adulthood and in older age, or es-pecially with pre-existing chronic conditions, is still insufficient. The aim of the paper is to present the added value of lifelong vaccination in the form of cost reduc-tions in healthcare resulting from treatment, hospitalizations and reduction of prescribing of antibiotics. Materials and methods: Review and analysis of publications and vaccination reports of the Croatian Institute of Public Health and available literature in the bibliographic database PubMed. The literature review was conducted according to the keywords „vaccination“ and „costs“. We have included in the analysis English-language papers published between 2010 and 2019. A total of 10 publications were analysed for the purposes of this paper. Results and discussion: Literature data showed that lifelong vaccination is most often considered in the context of vaccination of young people and adults against human papillomavirus (HPV), chronic patients (such as cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes) against influ-enza, and vaccination of adults and the elderly person against pneumococcal disease. Vaccinations of preschool and school children are most commonly associated with vaccinations from the national vac-cination programs and with existing experts recommendations. In Croatia we are achieving satisfactory vaccination coverage for preschool and school children vaccinations from compulsory vaccination schedule. Tetanus vaccination is part of a compulsory vaccination program and the vaccination report for 2017 showed a vaccine coverage of less than 50%. Last year, less than 10% of the population was vaccinated against flu, including about 30% of the elderly, significantly less than the World Health Organization\u27s recommendations. According to the available published data on the vaccination of chronic flu patients, it is not possible to determine what chronic conditions were involved. Data for countries with an influenza vaccination coverage of more than 20%, such as the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, showed a reduction in hospitalizations of more than 20%, while in Canada, for example, influenza vaccination may be reduced by almost 50%. A study conducted in the largest European countries found that the cost of a lifetime vaccination for an individual ranges from € 443 for a healthy male in Sweden (10 antigens) to € 3 395 for a female patient with chronic illness in the United Kingdom (15 antigens), which is still more economically viable than treating the disease and the possible consequences of the disease. Conclusions: Despite existing evidence of lifelong vaccination benefits and recommendations for vac-cination of adults and the elderly against influenza and pneumococcus, lifelong vaccination practices in Croatia do not yet show results visible at the population level that could have a measurable effect on savings in the health care system. To see the true potential of lifelong vaccination as a strategy not only for the prevention of disease and comorbidity, but also for the purpose of reducing health care costs, this theme should go beyond profession, and at the population level, individuals and communities should recognize the value of vaccines and seek for vaccination as a their right and responsibility

Sexual behaviour of two generations of university students in Osijek

Cilj rada je bio istražiti seksualno ponašanje studenata prve godine Sveučilišta u Osijeku, akademske godine 2005./2006. i 2015./2016. te utvrditi razlike među spolovima i generacijama. Metode: Ispitanici u istraživanju bili su studenti Sveučilišta u Osijeku, njih ukupno 1229-ero, od toga 599 (47,1% djevojaka) akademske godine 2005./2006., te 630 studenata (52,5% djevojaka) akademske godine 2015./2016. Iz medicinske dokumentacije ispitanika primijenjeni su podatci o dobi, spolu i seksualnom ponašanju. Podatci su analizirani metodama deskriptivne statistike. Rezultati: Od ukupnog broja ispitanika 2005./2006. spolni odnos je imalo njih 65,4%, a 2015./2016. 62,9%. Dob prvog spolnog odnosa 2005./2006. za većinu mladića (41,0%) bila je 17 godina, a za djevojke 18 godina (38,9%), a 2015./2016. 18 godina (33,3%) za oba spola. Obje akademske godine najveći udio ispitanika (70,4% i 75,5%) imao je u posljednjih godinu dana jednog partnera. Kondom je redovito upotrebljavalo 62,0% i 65,7% ispitanika. Oralnu hormonsku kontracepciju primjenjivalo je značajno više djevojaka 2005./2006. u odnosu na 2015./2016. (30% vs 15%; χ2=13,2; P=0,003). Prekinutim snošajem redovito se služilo 10,7% i 13,9% ispitanika. Sigurne dane redovito je primjenjivalo 9,4% i 19,2% ispitanika, značajno više djevojaka 2015./2016. u odnosu na 2005./2006. (27,8% vs 13,3%; χ2=12,5, P=0,006). Zaključak: Rezultati pokazuju nedostatnu uporabu oralne hormonske kontracepcije i kondoma među osječkim studentima, te porast uporabe tradicionalnih metoda kontracepcije, osobito među djevojkama, što upućuje na potrebu kontinuirane edukacije mladih u segmentu reproduktivnog zdravlja.The aim of the study was to investigate sexual behaviour of fi rst-year students at the Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek in the academic years 2005/2006 and 2015/2016, and to identify diff erences between genders and generations. Methods: The study included 1229 students, 599 (47.1% of girls) in the academic year 2005/2006, and 630 (52.5% of girls) in the academic year 2015/2016. From medical records, data on age, sex and sexual behaviour were used. Data were analyzed by the methods of descriptive statistics. Results: Out of the total number of respondents, sexual intercourse had 65.4% of students in 2005/2006 and 62.9% in 2015/2016. In 2005/2006, the age at fi rst sexual intercourse was 17 years for most males (41.0%) and 18 years for most females (38.9%); in 2015/2016, the age at fi rst sexual intercourse was 18 years for both genders (33.3%). In both academic years, most of the respondents (70.4% and 75.5%, respectively) had one partner in the past year. Condom was regularly used by 62.0% and 65.7% of respondents, respectively. Oral hormonal contraception was used by signifi cantly more females in 2005/2006 as compared with 2015/2016 (30% vs. 15%; χ2=13.2; p=0.003). Coitus interruptus was regularly used by 10.7% and 13.9% of respondents, respectively. The method of fertile days was regularly used by 9.4% and 19.2% of respondents, respectively, with signifi cantly more females in 2015/2016 as compared with 2005/2006 (27.8% vs. 13.3%, χ2=12.5; p=0.006). Conclusion: Study results showed insuffi cient use of oral hormonal contraceptives and condoms among students, and an increased use of traditional contraception methods, especially among females, indicating the need of continuous education of youth in the fi eld of reproductive health